Drawing the identity of architect: Liu Jipiao as an artistic architect in the late 1920s China

This article investigates the responsibility of architectural drawing in developing the professional identity of modern architects in the late 1920s when Chinese architects started to emerge and assume the title of “architect.” Using architectural drawing as both its subject and its method, this research interrogates how a representative figure – Liu Jipiao employed the power of drawing to establish the identity of the modern Chinese architect.This paper argues that architectural drawing, in establishing the identity of the Chinese architect, faced the requirement to build an affinity between the architect and the artist. The entangled history of these two professions offers up Liu as the representative figure of the artistic architect. Liu's artistic drawing fulfilled the previously mentioned requirement and earned the architects the artistic power that distinguished them from their counterparts – the engineers.Under the perspective of multiple modernities, the paper challenges the contemporary misreading of Liu Jipiao as an irrelevant individual intellectual and of his practice as a minor failure. Furthermore, this article invites further reflection on the modernity of Chinese architectural drawing, and shows how such drawing made more attempts to convey subjectivity rather than to transmit modern technique per se.     

“多规融合”视角下的城市总体规划编制探索-以《凯里-麻江城市总体规划修编（2014-2030）》为例

研究以贵州省黔东南州《凯里—麻江城市总体规划修编(2014—2030)》为例,结合凯里—麻江建设国际旅游城市的发展战略要求,在城市总体规划平台上以“多规融合”为基础,提高空间精度,消除“多规”之间存在的空间差异,建立“三刚三弹”的规划控制线体系,优化对旅游资源的保护和利用,同时以近期建设规划强化“多规”的动态融合,协同土地需求和供给,建立统一的实施时序,以期探索一条具有贵州省山地特色的新型城镇化道路。     

功能追随空间：多尺度层级网络塑造的城市中心

城市商业功能的分布与道路空间结构息息相关。本文以北京内城为例,应用空间句法模型在城市和街区两个尺度上分析了商业功能的聚集和演变规律。其中在城市尺度基于80年跨度中四个时间节点的商业分布数据分析了10个商业中心,在街区尺度上基于2005和2015年的实地调研的商铺数量,分析了前门、东四和西四三个中心区内的各街道段上的商业分布受城市和局域层级网络影响的程度。结论验证了空间句法参数能够有效地在街道精度上分析商铺数量,但各案例街区受两种网络影响程度差异较大。     

Robust control of mismatched buck DC–DC converters by PWM-based sliding mode control schemes

In this paper, two control methods are proposed to control mismatched dc–dc buck converters. In the first method, called Method I, a multiple surface sliding mode control is proposed to handle mismatched load uncertainty. A major problem associated with multiple surface sliding mode control viz. ‘explosion of terms’ is handled by a disturbance observer. Another method, Method II, based on simultaneous state and disturbance observer is proposed as a further improvement over Method I in terms of sensor requirement. The practical stability of the proposed schemes is proved. The performance of both the methods are assessed for regulation and tracking of output voltage under various uncertainties and is compared with a method based on extended state observer. It is shown by simulation and experimentation that the transient and steady state performance of both the controllers are satisfactory.     

多机器人体间动态碰撞检测方法仿真研究

当前多结合包围求碰撞检测法、Average-Case法、K-DOPs法等实现多机器人体间动态碰撞的检测,均存在寻优性能较差、检测效率较低的问题。为此提出一种基于动态粒子群的多机器人体间动态碰撞检测方法。采用OBB层次包围盒方法,缩小多机器人之间需要动态碰撞检测的区域,同时把动态碰撞检测问题转换为物体特征对间距离机制的非线性优化问题,进而构建层次拓扑框架进行局部碰撞检测,将机器人体引入到粒子群算法中建立混合进化算法,找到动态碰撞检测的最优解,实现多机器人体间动态碰撞检测。仿真结果证明,所提方法的检测效率高达96%,且具有较高的寻优性能。     

Synthesis and Properties of pH-Dependent Gemini Surfactants Containing Multiple Carboxyl Groups

A series of Gemini surfactants N,N″-dialkyl-N,N′,N″-tripropionate diethylenetriamine (referred as DTPDT-n, where n is the length of the hydrocarbon chain, n = 10, 12, 14) were synthesized, which have three carboxylic head-groups and two hydrophobic alkane chains. The products were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties of DTPDT-n surfactants with different hydrocarbon chain lengths were studied such as isoelectric point, surface activities, emulsifying properties, and foam properties. It is showed that these compounds exhibit pH-dependent protonation-deprotonation behavior. The isoelectric points of DTPDT-n surfactants are between 3.40 and 10.90. The critical micellar concentration (cmc) of all three surfactants are lower than the corresponding monomeric surfactants (single head group, single-chain), especially DTPDT-14, whose cmc can reach 2.29 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L. With an increase in the length of the alkyl chain, the solubility of the surfactants decreases and the surface tension of the three surfactants at cmc increases. In consideration of pH, all of three surfactants appear better emulsifying capacity and foaming property under weak alkaline conditions. DTPDT-14 has the best performance of emulsifying capacity among the three surfactants. DTPDT-10 has excellent foaming ability and foam stability.     

基于SaaS的尾矿库安全在线监测系统设计及应用

尾矿库监测指标的安全稳定对于矿山在生产安全和环境保护中具有极高的参考价值。但对于我国矿山企业而言，由于受到企业规模、资金能力等因素限制，很多中小矿山企业在尾矿库安全在线监测系统建设过程中进展缓慢。如今，SaaS模式（软件即服务模式）发展迅速，SaaS模式具有互联网、多重租赁、服务、可扩展等特性，能有效解决我国中小矿山企业由于规模小、资金不足导致无法构建尾矿库安全在线监测系统的问题。     

The emission characteristics and interference analysis of Power Line Telecommunication

This paper describes characteristics of PLT emission with experiment in semi-anechoic chamber and suggests the method for aggregating multiple interferences based on probabilistic approach in the situation in which multiple PLT modems are operating in close proximity to the radio receiver. The levels of the conducted and radiated emission and the APD characteristics are presented. And compatibility between PLT and radio receiver is analyzed with suggested method. This will be useful for assessing interference effect in the field of radio communication and electromagnetic compatibility.     

Group decision support system for backbone-network reconfiguration

Modern power system is unprecedentedly vulnerable and the society is exposed to higher blackout risks. Therefore restoration is a key issue to power systems. Reasonable backbone-network reconfiguration is necessary for re-establishing the network and restoring loads quickly. In order to speed up network reconfiguration under security constraints, a group decision support system (GDSS) is developed. A unified data platform based on data warehouse is constructed to resolve inconsistencies of data, information and models. A three-stage restoration strategy and a two-layer restoration path searching method are proposed to establish restoration schemes. Multiple attribute decision-making is implemented to evaluate alternatives and consider various attributes about restoration speed and system security comprehensively. Group decision-making provides an aggregated cardinal ranking of candidate restoration schemes. The GDSS uses expert rules for qualitative analysis and numerical computation programs for quantitative analysis, and it can resolve the semi-structured decision problem of network reconfiguration efficiently. Restoration plan of Shandong power grid is developed with the proposed method and it has been adopted by State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company. Performance results of Shandong power grid of China demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of the method.